MAN AND LIFE ( Heat stroke symptoms, what to do during heat stroke, )

As global temperatures rise, so does the risk of heat-related illnesses. One of the most severe is heat stroke, known in French as coup de chaleur. This dangerous condition occurs when the body is unable to regulate its internal temperature due to prolonged exposure to high heat. Unlike heat exhaustion, heat stroke is a medical emergency that can cause permanent damage or even death if not treated immediately. In this article, we will explain everything you need to know about heat stroke: its symptoms, duration, emergency procedures, and prevention strategies. This comprehensive guide aims to help you act quickly and wisely in the face of this life-threatening condition — especially during summer heatwaves. What Is Heat Stroke (Coup de Chaleur)? Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness. It happens when the body's core temperature rises above 40°C (104°F), and the body loses its ability to cool down through sweating. There are two types of heat stroke: Exertional heat stroke: Often affects athletes or people performing physical activity in high temperatures. Non-exertional (classic) heat stroke: Typically occurs during heatwaves, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, infants, or individuals with chronic illnesses. Heat stroke is not to be confused with heat exhaustion — it is more dangerous, with faster progression and potentially irreversible consequences. Heat Stroke Symptoms: Know the Warning Signs Recognizing heat stroke early can save lives. The symptoms can appear suddenly or evolve over time. Key signs include: 1. Extremely High Body Temperature Core temperature above 40°C (104°F). The most defining symptom. 2. Altered Mental State or Behavior Confusion, agitation, slurred speech. Seizures, delirium, or even loss of consciousness. 3. Absence of Sweating Skin may feel hot and dry, especially in classic heat stroke. In exertional cases, skin may be moist at first. 4. Rapid Pulse and Breathing The heart works harder to cool the body. Breathing may become shallow and rapid. 5. Flushed Skin Red, hot skin is a warning sign. 6. Nausea or Vomiting The body’s response to overheating can include gastrointestinal symptoms. 7. Headache, Dizziness, Fainting Common early signs that the body is overwhelmed by heat. If you or someone near you exhibits these symptoms, immediate medical action is critical. How Long Does Heat Stroke Last? The duration of heat stroke depends on how quickly it is recognized and treated. Without treatment, it can progress within minutes, leading to multiple organ failure. With prompt intervention: Symptoms can begin to improve within 30–60 minutes after cooling. Full recovery may take days or even weeks, especially if complications arise. In some cases, neurological damage can be permanent. The quicker the body is cooled and hydrated, the better the outcome. Heat Stroke: Why It’s an Emergency Unlike other heat-related illnesses, heat stroke requires emergency treatment. Delays can lead to: Brain damage Kidney failure Cardiovascular collapse Death According to the World Health Organization (WHO), heat stroke has a mortality rate between 10% and 50%, depending on how fast treatment is given. What to Do in Case of Heat Stroke: Emergency Response Steps Call emergency services immediately — in France, dial 15 or 112. While waiting for help: 1. Move the Person to a Cooler Environment Get out of the sun. Move to a shaded or air-conditioned space. 2. Remove Excess Clothing This helps the body cool more quickly. 3. Cool the Body Fast Use one or more of the following methods: Place ice packs on armpits, neck, groin. Immerse the person in cold water (if possible). Spray or sponge with cold water while fanning. Use cold, wet towels. Avoid giving drinks if the person is unconscious or confused, as this can lead to choking. 4. Position Properly If conscious: keep the person semi-seated. If unconscious: lay them on their side in the recovery position. 5. Monitor Vital Signs Check breathing and pulse. Be prepared to perform CPR if the person stops breathing. Risk Groups: Who Is Most Vulnerable? While anyone can suffer from heat stroke, certain groups are more at risk: Elderly people (over 65) Infants and young children People with chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular problems) Outdoor workers Athletes Individuals taking medications that affect heat regulation (e.g. diuretics, antihistamines, antidepressants) Prevention: How to Protect Yourself from Heat Stroke Prevention is the best way to stay safe during hot weather. Follow these heat safety tips: 1. Stay Hydrated Drink plenty of water, even if you don’t feel thirsty. Avoid alcohol and caffeine. 2. Avoid Outdoor Activity During Peak Heat Especially between 12 p.m. and 4 p.m. 3. Wear Light, Loose Clothing Opt for breathable fabrics and light colors. 4. Use Fans, Air Conditioning, or Cooling Devices Spend time in cooled environments during heatwaves. 5. Protect Children and Elderly Never leave anyone in a parked car. Check in regularly on vulnerable family members or neighbors. 6. Use Sunscreen and Shade Prevent sunburn, which impairs the body’s ability to cool. After Recovery: What to Expect After surviving heat stroke, patients may experience: Fatigue Muscle weakness Memory or concentration issues Increased sensitivity to heat A full medical evaluation is essential. Follow-up care may include hydration therapy, rest, and possibly neurological assessments. Conclusion Heat stroke, or coup de chaleur, is a life-threatening condition that demands immediate emergency action. Recognizing the symptoms and knowing what to do can make the difference between life and death. As global heatwaves become more frequent, public awareness is more important than ever. By staying informed and taking preventive measures, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from this silent summer killer.